If we suspend a mass at the end of a piece of string, we. A basic classical example of simple harmonic motion is the simple pendulum, consisting of a small bob and a massless string. To investigate the relationship between the length of a simple pendulum and the period of its motion. The sources of errors in a simple pendulum experiment are the following. The role of the pendulum in tertiary physics studies third year physics students are very familiar with certain aspects of pendulum. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum period chunyang ding ib candidate number. Our experiment may be similar to one you have done in high school, however, the mathematical analysis will be more. Determining the acceleration due to gravity with a simple pendulum your name advanced undergraduate lab, department of physics and astronomy, university of utah, salt lake city, utah 84112 this is an example of a lab report associated with obtaining the acceleration due to gravity g and applying mathematical models. Turner apr 8, 2009 in 1817, british physicist henry kater developed a reversible pendulum which allows one to precisely measure the local acceleration due to gravity. A simple pendulum consists of a small bob suspended by a light massless string of length l. Help with determining errors on katers pendulum experiment. The actual experiment is based on the simple pendulum.
The pendulum has two sets of knife edge pivots, parallel to each other, from which the pendulum. This paper describes an experiment with conical pendulum, with determination of g. String, pendulum bob, meter stick, computer with uli interface, and a photogate. As time passes, you begin to see the other canister pendulum the one you didnt pull back start to swing as well. Damping of a simple pendulum due to drag on its string. The simple pendulum the university of tennessee at. The results of this experiment are in close agreement with theory. Given my previous knowledge, i know that a pendulum behaves in an. This lapse of time is the period t at the point of maximum amplitude, as long as the pendulum keeps covering the beam while it reverses its trajectory. The pendulum objectives to investigate the functional dependence of the period t of a pendulum on its length l, the mass of its bob m, and the starting angle. The original swinging pendulum completely stops and the process starts all over. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Experiment and results throughout our experiment we used a steel ball of mass 485 g and diameter 50.
Consider a physical pendulum that can be swung from either of two pivots. The katers reversible pendulum is made of a rigid metal bar on which are inserted two massive discs m 1 and m 2 that can scroll along the bar and be fixed in different positions in order to change the position of center of gravity of the pendulum. The katers pendulum consists of a rigid metal bar with two pivot points, one near each end of the bar. The more this pendulum swings, the less the initial swinging pendulum swings until wow. Kater s pendulum should yield a value precise to three significant figures. Homework statement hey guys, so im doing the an exercise on the katers pendulum, to calculate g. Physics231lab2 1 lab 2 measurement of g using katers. The pendulum has two sets of knife edge pivots, parallel to each other, from which the pendulum can swing. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity and radius of gyration using bar pendulum. Purpose the purpose of this experiment is to analyze the relationship between the period of a kater pendulum, t. In this video we will discuss the bsc experiment katers pendulum. Repeat the experiment by changing the values in variables region. Experiment 1 the simple pendulum objective to measure the effects of amplitude, mass, and length on the period of a simple pendulum and by graphing to understand which of these parameters matter.
Katers pendulum definition is a compound pendulum with adjustable knife edges placed respectively at the center of suspension and near the center of oscillation and used to determine acceleration of gravity by means of the period of oscillation. For string we used monofilament nylon fishing lines of various diameters. In this video we will give the example how we complete the experiment with some example this. If the pendulum moves from one extreme position to the other and back to the first it is said to have performed one oscillation.
To understand what he did, we will first look at simple pendula and then we will develop katers result. Kater pendulum college of saint benedict and saint john. The simple pendulum university of colorado boulder. It also has either an adjustable weight that can be moved up and down the bar, or one adjustable pivot, to adjust the periods of swing. However, the amplitude of a simple pendulum oscillating in air continuously decreases as its mechanical energy is gradually lost due to air resistance. Determining the acceleration due to gravity with a simple. The errors taken into account are just on the kater period t and.
Measurement of acceleration due to gravity g by a compound pendulum. The simple pendulum is composed of a small spherical ball suspended by a. Task 2 the experiment three pendulums are provided. The beauty of this experiment is that it allows us, using relatively simple apparatus, to measure a physical quantity very accurately indeedwe hope, to within a few parts in 10,000. It is a compound pendulum constructed on the principle that centre of oscillation and centre of suspension are interchangable. While the double pendulum is a simple physical system, youd be hard pressed to find another device this simple that exhibits so wide a range of behavior. Thus, in a conical pendulum the bob moves at a constant speed in a circle with the string tracing out a cone. Introduction in this manual you will find the following sections. From the graph, find a the acceleration due to gravity.
Conical pendulum is similar to simple pendulum with the difference that the bob, instead of moving back and forth, swings around in a horizontal circle. Measurement of the acceleration of gravity using katers. If the photogate length appears on the main screen you might be able to double click on the text box where the length is displayed and go directly to the dialogue box. Exercise 6 inverted pendulum linear model identification in the case of this experiment, a vital file mextract. The objective is to compare the value and accuracy of g using each pendulum in turn. Consider a physical pendulum with two supports that lie along a line through the center of mass, as shown in figure 1. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum. In this experiment, we modelled the motion of a simple pendulum, a damped oscillator, and a damped driven oscillator, using linear and nonlinear approximations for the equations of motion. Acceleration due to gravity g by bar pendulum object. The schematic of the hall sensor shows which pin is which. This makes it possible to study the effect of variation of. Pull one canister pendulum straight back and release it.
When you use the manual for the first time, you can start experiments from the pendulum. Our pendulum therefore has three masses in addition to the basic support structure. View notes b6 katers reversible pendulum from phy 5 at university of toronto. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity at a place with the help of katers pendulum. To plot a graph between the distance of the knifeedges from the center of gravity and the time period of a bar pendulum. Click on show measurements checkbox to get the value of h 1 and h 2. Concept overview the period of a pendulum is the time it takes to complete one cycle. One of the most important physical constants is g, the. To measure the acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum. Mercer university macon, georgia 31207 with the information provided in this article, students should be able to easily measure the acceleration of gravity to a few parts in tenthousand in one twohour laboratory period. For example, starting at one side, the pendulum swings to the other side and back. It includes numerous successful and classical experiments playing an essential role in every physics laboratory course. A double pendulum consists of a bar swinging from a pivot, with a second pendulum attached to the first bars end.
In a vacuum with zero air resistance, such a pendulum will continue to oscillate indefinitely with a constant amplitude. Simple pendulum to find accelaration due to gravity with the help of pendulum duration. To determine the acceleration due to gravity g by means of a compound pendulum. The apparatus for this experiment consists of a support stand with a string clamp, a small spherical ball with a 125 cm length of light string, a meter stick, a vernier caliper, and a timer. To make the argument concrete, our discussion will be in terms of the pendulum used in this lab. The pit and the pendulum title to an edgar allan poe story ball drop experiment accelerometer. Theory a kater pendulum was used to carry out this experiment that consisted of two masses, called. The time period of the simple pendulum is defined as the time required by the pendulum to complete one oscillation.
The general formula of the time period for bar pendulum is given by following equation. Experiment katers reversible pendulum introduction. The principle of reversible katers pendulum and why its. The simple pendulum is a favorite introductory exercise because galileos experiments on pendulums in the early 1600s are usually regarded as the beginning of experimental physics. Click on stop button under variables, for the pendulum to stop oscillating. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity with katers pendulum. The following formula is used for the determination of acceleration due to gravity g. Introduction a simple pendulum consists of a point mass suspended at the end of a cord of zero mass. Many things in nature wiggle in a periodic fashion. The goal of the exercise is to measure the acceleration due to gravity, g, with an accuracy approaching 1 part in 104.
Using a pendulum to teach experiment design and error. The arduino circuit diagram to be used for the simple pendulum experiment. The katers pendulum is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity more accurately. In this experiment in order to find g, first we need to determine the equivalent length. What are the sources of errors in a simple pendulum.
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